Which main coronary artery bifurcates into two smaller ones?

The left main coronary artery is the correct choice because it bifurcates into two significant branches: the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX). This bifurcation plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the heart muscle; the LAD supplies the anterior part of the left ventricle, while the LCX supplies the lateral and posterior walls of the heart. Understanding the anatomy of the coronary arteries is vital for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as blockages or issues in these arteries can lead to serious complications such as myocardial infarction.

The right coronary artery primarily supplies the right atrium and ventricle and has a single primary branch, which does not constitute a bifurcation into two main arteries in the same way as the left main coronary artery. The other two options, "inverted" and "superficial," are not relevant terms in the context of coronary anatomy, as they do not correctly identify any established coronary arteries.