What is the purpose of database indexing?

The purpose of database indexing is to improve the speed of data retrieval operations. Indexes are data structures that enable the database management system to locate and access the data more efficiently. When a database query is performed, rather than scanning every row in a table, the database can use the index to quickly pinpoint the location of the required data. This is particularly important for large datasets, where performance can significantly degrade without proper indexing, leading to slower query response times.

Indexes function like a book's index, allowing you to skip directly to the section you need instead of reading through the entire book. This optimization technique not only accelerates read operations but also helps maintain overall database performance, especially in systems where queries are frequent or complex.

While creating backups, ensuring data integrity, and enforcing relationships are important aspects of database management, they do not directly relate to the core function of indexing, which is fully aimed at enhancing retrieval efficiency.